Fontainebleau is the great survivor among French royal palaces: the only one lived in continuously, and added to, by the sovereigns of France across more than eight centuries — from the medieval kings who hunted in its surrounding forest, through the Renaissance court of François I and the Bourbons, to the Second Empire of Napoleon III. Where Versailles is a single grand vision and Chambord a hunting fantasy barely occupied, Fontainebleau is a layered house of memory, each reign leaving its rooms, its galleries and its taste stacked one upon another around a sequence of courtyards south-east of Paris.
Its most celebrated interior is the Gallery of Francis I, created in the 1530s — the first true Renaissance interior in France, where Italian masters led by Rosso Fiorentino and Primaticcio fused fresco and sculpted stucco into a single decorative scheme. Their work gave its name to the 'School of Fontainebleau' and changed the course of French art. Beyond it lie the Grands Appartements, the ballroom of Henri II, the throne room Napoleon installed in a former royal bedchamber, the Imperial Theatre, and the Musée Napoléon Ier, which gathers the personal possessions of the Emperor and his family.
Fontainebleau is also where the Napoleonic story turns. On 20 April 1814, having abdicated, Napoleon stood on the curved horseshoe staircase in the great forecourt and bid an emotional farewell to the soldiers of his Imperial Guard before departing for exile on Elba — a scene that gave the courtyard its enduring name, the Cour des Adieux, the 'Courtyard of Farewells'. The palace and its park are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the entry ticket is open-date: you simply choose your visit date and walk straight in any time during opening hours.